CIDR Calc
DNS Triage
Work through DNS issues in the right order and surface likely failure points.
Local resolver
Does nslookup/dig against your configured resolver return an answer?
Public resolvers
Do Google/Cloudflare public resolvers return the correct answer?
Authoritative servers
Do the authoritative nameservers return the correct records?
Caching/TTL
Is the issue caused by stale cache or low TTL propagation?
Guidance
Next best step
Start with your local resolver and network reachability.
Tip: Always test authoritative servers before caching layers to avoid misleading results.